Ethical dilemmas are common occurrences when caring for patients. The nurse understands that dilemmas are a result of
a. Presence of conflicting values.
b. Hierarchical systems.
c. Judgmental perceptions of patients.
d. Poor communication with the patient.
A
Poor communication and the hierarchical systems that exist in health care, such as reporting structures within the hospital or the historically unequal relationship between physicians and nurses, may complicate dilemmas. The primary, underlying reason that ethical dilemmas occur is that there are no clear cut, universally accepted solutions to a problem when participating individuals do not share the same values. Without clarification of values, the nurse may not be able to distinguish fact from opinion or value, and this can lead to judgmental attitudes.
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