The obstetrical nurse knows that a woman's hormone levels change dramatically during pregnancy. Which of the following hormonal actions accurately represent these changes? Select all that apply
A) Maintaining the endometrium so that the embryo can implant
B) Causing changes in the mother's metabolism so that nutrients are available for both
C) Decreasing the mother's blood volume and red blood cell mass to increase oxygen
D) Decreasing the blood supply to the gastrointestinal tract and slowing peristaltic waves
E) Relaxing the ligaments that connect the pelvic bones, allowing them to spread slightly
F) Preparing the breasts for lactation, keeping the milk from coming in until birth occurs
A, B, E, F
Feedback:
The hormonal effects of pregnancy include the following: maintaining the endometrium so that the embryo can implant, causing changes in the mother's metabolism so that nutrients are available for both, relaxing the ligaments that connect the pelvic bones, allowing them to spread slightly, preparing the breasts for lactation, keeping the milk from coming in until birth occurs, increasing the mother's blood volume and red blood cell mass to increase oxygen, and increasing the blood supply to the gastrointestinal tract and slowing peristaltic waves.
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