The U.S. Supreme has often held that "Mere police questioning does not constitute a seizure", Florida v. Bostick, 501 U.S. 429, 434 (1991), whether or not the officer doing the questioning has any basis for suspecting an individual of criminal activity. If the circumstances surrounding the knock-and-talk are such that the person does not feel free to leave and stop answering questions, the

questioning becomes "custodial" and the person is "seized" under the Fourth Amendment. With that noted, what factors do you think should be recognized as factors that should be taken into consideration when judging whether a person should reasonably consider him/herself in "custody"? Explain your responses.

What will be an ideal response?


Responses should relate to the student's knowledge of the existing circumstances that would constitute a custodial situation versus non-custodial.

Criminal Justice

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Many opponents of legalization of marijuana argue that it is a gateway drug

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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When using direct questioning, you should:

a. frame each question so that only one answer is required. b. ask only one question at a time. c. give the individual sufficient time to answer the question. d. All of the above responses are recommended.

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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Cesare Beccaria is considered to be the father of classical criminology. 2. According to the author, community corrections includes all non-incarcerating correctional sanctions imposed upon an offender for the purposes of reintegrating that offender within the community. 3. Classical criminology presumes that offenders do not learn from their transgressions through reinforcements or punishments 4. Specific deterrence is the infliction of a punishment upon a specific offender in the hope that particular offender will be discouraged from committing future crime.

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Which of the following is NOT an approach in reforming mandatory sentences?

A. Expanding judicial discretion B. Limiting habitual offender "triggers" C. Repealing or revising mandatory minimum sentences D. Early release of offenders sentenced under mandatory sentencing

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