What keeps the capillaries of the vasa recta from dissipating the medullary osmotic gradient?
A) the smooth muscle cells contain Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporters
B) the smooth muscle cells are impermeable to water and ions
C) the vascular endothelial cells are impermeable to water and ions
D) capillary blood enters and exits the medulla at a similar osmolarity
E) the vascular endothelial cells contain Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporters
Answer: D) capillary blood enters and exits the medulla at a similar osmolarity
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