Which of the following tests are parametric statistics that may be used to measure, clarify, or evaluate causation? (Select all that apply.)
a. t-test for independent samples
b. Mann-Whitney U test
c. t-test for dependent samples
d. Wilcoxon signed-rank test
e. ANOVA
f. Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD)
g. Kruskal-Wallis test
h. Chi-square
ANS: A, C, E, F
The parametric statistics used to determine differences that are covered in this chapter are the independent samples t-test, paired or dependent samples t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, the Tukey Honestly Significant Difference test is a post hoc test used to clarify which variables are related, after an ANOVA shows a significant difference.
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