Assume that acid rain has lowered the pH of a particular lake to pH 4.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of this lake?
A) 1 × 10-10 mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water
B) 1 × 10-4 mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water
C) 4.0 M with regard to hydroxide ion concentration
D) 4.0 × 10-4 mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water
A
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The mother of a child scheduled to receive a thymectomy (removal of the thymus gland) asks you whether there will be any side effects from the removal of the gland. Which two organ systems would you mention in your explanation?
When you hyperventilate (breathe too fast), respiratory alkalosis (decreased concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood) can occur, which can cause you to faint. A common but potentially dangerous method to reverse respiratory alkalosis is to hold a
paper bag over your mouth and take normal breaths, thereby rebreathing the exhaled air. How might this method reverse respiratory alkalosis? A) Inhaling oxygen exhaled into the bag will cause oxygen to diffuse back into the blood and react with water to form carbonic acid, and blood pH will decrease. B) Inhaling oxygen exhaled into the bag will cause oxygen to diffuse back into the blood and react with water to form carbonic acid, and blood pH will increase. C) Inhaling carbon dioxide exhaled into the bag will cause carbon dioxide to diffuse back into the blood and react with water to form carbonic acid, and blood pH will increase. D) Inhaling carbon dioxide exhaled into the bag will cause carbon dioxide to diffuse back into the blood and react with water to form carbonic acid, and blood pH will decrease.
Within the transcription bubble, the 9 most recently added nucleotides in the newly synthesized RNA strand temporarily form a helix with the template DNA strand. How might transcription be affected if helix formation did not occur?
A. Unwinding the DNA molecule would be inhibited. B. Rewinding the DNA molecule would be inhibited. C. The position of the 5' end of the RNA would be unstable, stimulating elongation. D. The position of the 3' end of the RNA would be unstable, inhibiting elongation. E. The position of the 5' end of the RNA would be unstable, inhibiting elongation.
Which choice below correctly matches organelle with function?
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum–lipid production B) lysosome–energy generation C) cytoskeleton–recycling of materials D) mitochondria–food generation