Which statement is true regarding language development in middle childhood?
A. Experience with language and exposure to complex constructions influence grammatical development.
B. Grammar is typically an area of language learned in formal schooling; conversational language is influenced largely by being read to.
C. Children in middle childhood are cognitively incapable of understanding similes and metaphors.
D. Pragmatics remains the same as children stop tailoring their speech to their audience.
Answer: A
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Critics point out that ape language must be taught laboriously, whereas children build vocabularies spontaneously. This may support an argument that apes have ____
a. ?real language abilities that approximate those of a human being b. ?acquired some language due to operant conditioning c. ?acquired some language due to classical conditioning d. ?no complexity to their behavior
What neurobiological factor has been linked to conduct problems?
a. paternal smoking b. gastrointestinal deficits c. exposure to lead d. domestic violence
When working with a patient diagnosed with dependent personality disorder, the therapist must be particularly careful that the patient does not a. take over the agenda of the sessions
b. become inconsistent in attending sessions. c. manipulate the therapist by being overly dramatic. d. become overly dependent on the therapist.
Where do many causal theories such as "Absence makes the heart grow fonder" come from?
a. introspection b. self-perception c. culture d. evolution