What did John Gould determine when studying Darwin's collected finch specimens from the Galapagos Islands?
a. The finches possessed very few differences from those species found on mainland South America.
b. The finches could be sorted into different species and by island based on beak differences.
c. The finches were changing their physical characteristics over their lifetimes in response to environmental pressures.
d. The finches all descended from one founding group and then diversified across the islands.
Correct Answer: b
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The main difference between egalitarian and ranked societies is that in ranked societies
a. there are marked differences in wealth between the classes. b. an individual’s social rank is not influenced by his or her kinship relations. c. there are a limited number of formal positions that grant authority. d. leadership statuses are less formal and more open to all.
In the field, ethnographers strive to establish rapport: a good, friendly working relationship, based on personal contact,
A. as well as on payment, based on local standards, for people's time spent with the researcher. B. achieved in large part by engaging in participant observation. C. and if that fails, the next option is to pay people so they will talk about their culture. D. that is necessary in conducting any valuable research in the social sciences, not just anthropology. E. that if done properly ensures the ethnographer's ability to conduct detached, unbiased research.
!Kung expressed disappointment with the ox Lee gave them for the Christmas feast because
a. the animal was too thin and old. b. this was their way to "cool" a giver's potential arrogance. c. the animal came from an outsider. d. they were afraid that Lee would take the animal back if they showed approval.
Under what kind of training is a child encouraged to seek help and attention?
a. dependence training b. independence training c. interdependence training d. solitary training