How does the loop of Henle enable the mammalian kidney to produce hypertonic urine?
I-The ascending limb of the loop actively extrudes Na+.
II-The descending limb interacts with the ascending limb to raise the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid in the renal medulla.
III-The concentration is further enhanced by the presence of urea, which draws water out of the collecting ducts by osmosis.
A. just I
B. II and III
C. just III
D. I and II
E. I, II, and III
E. I, II, and III
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