Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

1. The Japanese constitution distinguishes between the right to counsel for suspects and the right to counsel for the accused.
2. To emphasize the reluctance in Japan to impose formal sanctions, the textbook’s flowchart of 1,000 hypothetical cases shows that about half of the cases would either have prosecution suspended or that no action toward prosecution would even be attempted.
3. Japan’s new saiban-in system means that defense counsel will now be provided to indigent suspects at government expense.
4. As in the United States, Japan’s aging prison population results mostly from long mandatory sentences and restricted parole.


1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False

Criminal Justice

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