“In permissive systems, increasing the level of social heterogeneity has a positive effect on the number of parties in the party system.” What is the independent variable?
A. permissiveness of electoral system
B. democratic stability
C. number of parties
D. social heterogeneity
D. social heterogeneity
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One of the basic functions of government is __________, which occurs when the government provides things of value to specific groups
a. allocation b. distribution c. redistribution d. regulation
The Iran-Contra scandal resulted from the activities of which government agency?
A) The National Security Agency (NSA) B) The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) C) The Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) D) The National Security Council (NSC)
A presidential race between a sitting president and a challenger is called
a. a primary election. b. an incumbent race. c. a policy referendum. d. a confirmation election. e. a tilted race.
Ex post facto reasoning refers most directly to
A) Reasoning "after the fact." B) Begging the question. C) Refuting arguments on the basis of who makes them. D) Smuggling premises.