Which of the following can act like a long-term "thermostat" for the Earth's average temperature?
A) heat stored in the Earth's magnetosphere
B) the carbon dioxide cycle
C) radioactive elements trapped in the Earth's mantle
D) heat stored in the Earth's liquid core
B
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What does temperature measure?
A) the average mass of particles in a substance B) the average size of particles in a substance C) the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance D) the total number of particles in a substance E) the total potential energy of particles in a substance
Which of the following describes a star with a hydrogen-burning shell and an inert helium core?
A) It is a red giant that grows in luminosity until it dies in a planetary nebula. B) It is a subgiant that gradually grows dimmer as its hydrogen-burning shell expands and cools. C) It is a subgiant that grows in luminosity until helium fusion begins in the central core. D) It is what is known as a helium-burning star, which has both helium fusion in its core and hydrogen fusion in a shell.
When we speak of the large-scale structure of the universe, we mean
A) the overall arrangement of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and superclusters in the universe. B) the structure of any large galaxy. C) the structure of any individual cluster of galaxies. D) the overall shape of the observable universe.
Why was the summer of 2003 a fine time for Mars observers?
A) The Mars Rovers returned live images from the surface. B) The skies were unusually clear and calm. C) Mars' north pole was tilted to face the Earth head-on. D) Mars was closer to us than it has been in over 50,000 years. E) Mars was even brighter than Venus for several weeks.