A researcher measures prisoners on childhood physical abuse and notices high levels. He then concludes that abuse leads people to commit crimes. This is an example of an ex post facto design. These conclusions are
A) scientifically valid because confounding variables are controlled.
B) not scientifically valid although all confounding variables are controlled.
C) not scientifically valid because confounding variables are not controlled.
D) scientifically valid because all extraneous variables are controlled.
Answer: C
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A researcher believes that political attitudes are influenced by education level. What is the dependent variable?
a. the researcher b. education level c. political attitudes d. influence
What is an economic system in which all or most of the means of production are privately owned under competitive conditions?
a. welfare state b. police state c. capitalism d. socialism e. communism
According to the text, what is the primary reason for the decline of newspapers
A. a disinterested public B. poor news quality C. declining advertising revenue D. television
Women's struggle for equality differs from other civil rights struggles primarily because women
A. are not a minority. B. have acquired their rights more fully and quickly than other groups, especially African American men. C. have faced fewer obstacles to employment. D. have no history of agitating for their rights. E. have faced fewer obstacles to political participation.