In Guttman scaling
A. each item is completely independent of every other item and nothing can be concluded as the result of the endorsement of an item.
B. when one item is endorsed by a testtaker, the less extreme aspects of that item are also endorsed.
C. when more than one item tapping a particular content area is endorsed, the less extreme aspects of those items are also endorsed.
D. testtakers are presented with a forced-choice format.
Answer: B
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Peter believes listening to relaxing music will improve memory. He designs a study in which 15 people listen to relaxing music while studying for 30 minutes and 15 people study in a quiet room for 30 minutes. He measures how much they remember from the material they studied. In this example, the independent variable is:
a. the amount that the participants remember from the material they study b. what the participants hear while they study (relaxing music or no music) c. the number of people who take part in the experiment d. the length of time the participants were allowed to study the material
In the context of early sensory capacities, which of the following is true about the sense of sight?
A. A neonate's eyes focus best when objects are within one foot of focusing distance. B. The ability to follow a moving target develops slowly during the first months. C. Visual acuity at birth is approximately 20/400 but improves rapidly, reaching the 20/20 level by about 8 months. D. Infants are unlikely to show a preference for the faces of attractive strangers over those of unattractive strangers.
According to Piaget, all of the following statements are true about preschoolers’ thinking in the preoperational period, except ___________
a. preschoolers have a solid understanding of the principle of conservation and can perform reversible mental operations b. preschoolers exhibit centration when they focus on one salient aspect or dimension c. preschoolers focus on appearances rather than reality d. preschoolers are egocentric and assume everyone sees what they see and knows what they know
Operant conditioning involves which of the following?
a. unconditioned responses b. reflexes c. reinforcement d. conditioned responses