A pediatric nurse practitioner has diagnosed a 4-year-old girl with otitis media. The nurse should understand that infectious microorganisms likely entered the girl's middle ear by what means?
A) Through an alteration in the eustachian tube
B) Through the external ear
C) From within the cochlea or vestibule
D) From the interstitial spaces in the middle ear
A
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The causative pathogens implicated in otitis media include Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. They enter the middle ear as a result of an alteration in the eustachian tube, not from the inner ear, external ear, or interstitial spaces.
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