During the Industrial Revolution, European powers used foreign lands in two different patterns – either settler colonization or mercantile colonization. Contrast settler and mercantile colonization

Answer 1

In the pattern of settler colonization, Europeans sought to create new Europes, or neo-Europes, in lands much like their own: temperate middle-latitude zones with moderate rainfall and rich soils where they could raise wheat and cattle.
In contrast to their preference to settle familiar mid-latitude environments, Europeans viewed the world's tropical lands mainly as sources of raw materials and markets for their manufactured goods. The environment was too different from home to make settlement attractive. In establishing a pattern of mercantile colonialism, Crosby explains, Europeans were less inhabitants than conquering occupiers of the colonies, overseeing indigenous peoples and resettled slaves in the production of primary commodities: sugar in the Caribbean; rubber in Latin America, West Africa, and Southeast Asia; and gold and copper in southern Africa, for example. Colonialism required huge migrations of people to extract the Earth's resources, including 30 million slaves and contracted workers from Africa, India, and China to work mines and plantations around the globe.