The formal beginning of psychology is associated with
A. René Descartes.
B. Wilhelm Wundt.
C. Franz Josef Gall.
D. Hermann Ebbinghaus.
Answer: B
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Wells and Bradfield (1998) found that feedback can influence an eyewitness's confidence and memory when
a. he or she makes an accurate identification. b. the feedback confirms the identification. c. when the suspect is of a different race. d. the feedback disconfirms the identification.
Observer reactivity is the tendency of researchers to interpret ongoing events as being consistent with their research hypothesis
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
In a correlational study,
a. only the independent variable is manipulated. b. only the dependent variable is manipulated. c. no variables can be manipulated. d. there are no dependent or independent variables as such. e. there are no confounding variables.
Which of the following is NOT a step in means-end analysis?
a. Return to the first step. b. Identify the possible operators and select one that would reduce one of the differences. c. Compare the current state to the goal state and identify differences between them. d. If the differences are too large, replace the goal with a subgoal until the difference becomes manageable. e. If the operator can be applied, do so. Otherwise, set a new subgoal of reaching a state where the operator could be applied.