European banks began with which of the following?
A. Monarchs were the first bankers, lending out cash to help the poor learn a craft.
B. Churches were the first bankers, lending out cash to help the poor learn a craft.
C. Goldsmiths were the first bankers, and the paper receipts they issued for gold held on deposit became valued as money.
D. Fishermen were the first bankers, and the paper receipts they issued for the fish they stored in the hulls of their ships became valued as money.
Answer: C
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When a market is not in equilibrium:
A. a change in either supply or demand is required to reestablish equilibrium. B. there is neither excess supply nor excess demand. C. the economic motives of sellers and buyers will move the market to its equilibrium. D. government intervention is required to achieve equilibrium.
Fundamentally, to reap the benefits of specialization, an economy must
A) be heavily industrial. B) be heavily agricultural. C) have an extensive system of higher education. D) develop ways for individuals to trade goods with one another.
The wealth effect explains the:
A. negative relationship that exists between consumer spending and overall price level. B. positive relationship that exists between consumer spending and overall price level. C. negative relationship that exists between consumer spending and overall asset valuation. D. positive relationship that exists between consumer spending and overall asset valuation.
When "rent controls" result in a shortage of housing, landlords
A) use criteria other than price to allocate housing. B) lower the price to allocate the housing. C) attempt to attract renters. D) None of the above.