The 1976 federal court case of Pugh v. Locke introduced the totality of conditions standard. That standard, said the court, is to be used in evaluating whether prison conditions are ________.

A. severe and unjust
B. just deserts
C. cruel and unusual
D. overboard


Answer: C

Criminal Justice

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The two phases in a forensic scientist's analytical scheme are screening and _____

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice

House arrest is typically used as ______.

a. the primary sanction for both violent and nonviolent offenders b. an alternative to drug treatment c. the initial phase of intensive probation or parole d. pretrial detention for the majority of offenders awaiting trial

Criminal Justice

There are seven (7) basic steps in the systematic casework processes in child protective services (CPS). The second step is ______.

a. intake b. family assessment c. service planning d. investigation

Criminal Justice

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. According to the UCR, sexual orientation is the third largest category of hate crimes. 2. In 2009, the majority of hate crimes were crimes against persons (or violent crimes.. 3. Most hate crimes occur in private, secluded areas. 4. The Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 prohibits damage to religious property because of religious, racial, or ethnic characteristics. 5. As of 2009, all states had some form of hate crime legislation.

Criminal Justice