In what way did Descartes feel that the universe was analogous to a machine?
A) God had designed nature like a clockmaker, using reason and mathematics.
B) Skeptical reasoning best explains mechanical devices such as clocks.
C) In an age in which technology was developing so rapidly, God was no longer relevant.
D) Unlike living beings, the physical universe had no soul.
E) Nature was constantly changing, much like the shifting hands of a clock.
Answer: A
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According to its defenders in the late nineteenth century, college football
A) epitomized American democratic ideals, because all Americans played or watched the game. B) was a character-building sport that could function as a surrogate frontier experience in an increasingly urbanized society. C) was a safe sport that the nation's future business and professional leaders could undertake without fear of injury. D) would teach students the military discipline and skills necessary as the U.S. became a world power.
New France metÃs habitants were:
A) French-Indian mestizos. B) Pueblo refugees from the Spanish Borderlands. C) mulatto indentured servants. D) evidence of a frontier of exclusion.
The Hellenizing process
A. created Greco-Macedonian domination of the population centers of the Middle East. B. provided the means for the spreading of Roman democracy to the Middle East cities. C. was hindered by the establishment of Greek cities throughout the Middle East. D. was of greatest importance in rural areas. E. encouraged the spread of democracy.
Why did some people in the 1890s, and even today, consider late-nineteenth-century American foreign policy an aberration?
A) As a democratic republic founded on the idea of freedom, the United States had no right to deny independence to other countries by annexation. B) The United States had once been a colony itself, so creating other colonies around the world was part of its history and legacy. C) The United States had once been a small country of just thirteen states, so expanding to new lands and creating new states was an aberration. D) As a democratic republic founded on the idea of freedom, the United States had the obligation to seek the same rights for countries around the world. E) As a former colony, the United States understood the challenges of gaining independence and could better assist new nations than Europe could.