What forces influence development? Include discussion of age-graded, history-graded, and nonnormative influences
What will be an ideal response?
According to the lifespan perspective, development is influenced by multiple forces: biological, historical, social, and cultural. Events that are strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long they last are called age-graded influences. Development is also profoundly affected by forces unique to a historical era. History-graded influences explain why people born around the same time—called a cohort—tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times. Age-graded and history-graded influences are normative—meaning typical, or average—because each affects large numbers of people. Nonnormative influences are events that are irregular: They happen to just one person or a few people and do not follow a predictable timetable. Nonnormative influences have become more powerful and age-graded influences less so in contemporary adult development. Much greater diversity exists today in the ages at which people finish their education, enter careers, get married, have children, and retire.
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Identify the three periods of prenatal development, noting the time frame associated with each period.
What will be an ideal response?
The direct flow of charged atoms into the tips of the taste buds explains which two tastes?
a. sweet and bitter b. salt and bitter c. sour and sweet d. salt and sour
Which way of framing or stating a problem usually produces the best decision?
a. framing that is narrow and specific b. framing that is broad c. framing that is more convergent d. framing that is simple and concise
What is the relationship between the motor neurons and muscle fibers?
A. The more muscle fibers a neuron innervates, the more precise the movements. B. The more neurons controlled by a single muscle fiber, the more precise the movements. C. The fewer muscle fibers controlled by a single neuron, the more precise the movements. D. Each neuron innervates only one muscle fiber.