Which of the following toxins contributes to the virulence of B. pertussis and works by hemolyzing red cells and activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which inactivates several types of host immune cells?
a. Endotoxin
b. Pertussis toxin
c. Tracheal cytotoxin
d. Adenylate cyclase toxin
D
Adenylate cyclase toxin hemolyzes red cells and activates cyclic adenosine monophosphate, the-reby inactivating several types of host immune cells. Pertussis toxin induces lymphocytosis and suppresses chemotaxis and oxidative responses in neutrophils and macrophages. Tracheal cyto-toxin causes ciliary dysfunction and damage, and endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide released upon cell death.
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Purine bases, such as adenine and guanine, have ________ joined ring(s) for their structure, compared to pyrimidine bases, such as cytosine and thymine, that have ________ ring(s) in their structure.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The final body form of an animal is generated as differentiated cells settle into their appropriate sites; this process is
called ____.
a. fertilization b. morphogenesis c. parturition d. involution e. gastrulation
Several infections of the cardiovascular system can be identified by inspecting a stained blood smear in the microscope. For the following infections, identify the microscope observation that does not fit the disease.
A. Chagas disease; protozoan visible among blood cells B. Malaria; ring trophozoites visible inside red blood cells C. Epstein-Barr virus; virus visible inside red blood cells D. Babesiosis; protozoan visible inside red blood cells
In this figure, the F1 generation shows mating of resistant bollworms (___) with susceptible heterozygous (____) bollworms. Select one:
a. RR; rr b. Rr; rr c. rr; RR d. Rr; RR e. rr; Rr