Shaw and McKay's (1931) research supported what important finding of gang membership?

a) Gangs directly caused illegal behavior.
b) Gangs provided a means of obtaining valued aspects of mainstream society.
c) Gangs were often the result of a strong ethnic subculture.
d) Gangs were often characterized by a cohesive grou


B

Criminal Justice

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The special prosecutor in the Iran-Contra arms case issued a final report absolving high-level officials including President Reagan and Vice President Bush from responsibility in covering up the crime

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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"Rufus" is convicted of a Class A Misdemeanor and "Rufus" has a prior Class A or Felony conviction. "Rufus" is facing

a. 90 days to 1 year b. 30 days to 180 days c. 1 day to 180 days d. 1 year to 2 years

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Most rapes are committed by

A) a relative of the victim. B) an acquaintance of the victim. C) a stranger. D) the victim's spouse.

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The Union of Russian Men, which formed to combat the growing revolutionary movement "by all means," was not only sanctioned by the Tsar but also granted special protection by him

a. True b. False

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