What are some popular physiological assessments of infant arousal and regulation?
What will be an ideal response?
Infant heart rate has been used to study arousal in the past; however, heart rate is not
tied to neurological development. However, infant vagal tone, which represents the
patterning of heart beats over time, is heavily tied to nervous system organization and
has become a popular assessment. When at rest, healthy infants tend to show high vagal
tome, or increased vagal activity; however, when aroused, infants display vagal slowing
or braking (patterning of beats becomes more consistent and less widely spaced).
Because certain hormones are also released during times of arousal, some researchers
monitor hormonal release as infants are exposed to arousing stimuli, and as they cope
with the stimuli. The most popular hormonal studies involve cortisol assessment; this
hormone can be evaluated by collecting a saliva sample. High secretions of cortisol
signify greater arousal and poorer regulation; these secretions are more peculiar to
medically challenged infants.
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Suppose that you are enrolled in a course in adult development and aging. The professor is discussing the topic of retirement. Which of the following general statements would you most expect the professor to make?
a. "Almost all women experience financial difficulties during retirement.". b. "Because women live longer, they are more likely than men to have satisfactory retirement benefits.". c. "European American women experience the same financial difficulties that women of color face.". d. "Because women experience financial disadvantages throughout their lifetime, they typically face financial difficulties during retirement.".
From ages 12 to 18, the brain
a. changes very little. b. decline in size. c. declines in weight. d. dynamically reorganizes.
A rat in a Skinner box presses the lever and receives a food pellet. This reinforcement will help the rat to
a. acquire a new skill. b. alter how frequently it presses the lever. c. overcome its fear of the apparatus. d. associate the stimulus with the response.
Thorndike's _____ principle asserts that rewards following behavior lead to increased production of the behavior
Fill in the blank with correct word