Define habituation and describe how researchers use the habituation-dishabituation technique to examine infant visual perception
What will be an ideal response?
Habituation refers to the tendency for an organism to reduce its responsiveness to a stimulus as a result of repeated exposure. Researchers have used their knowledge of habituation to obtain evidence regarding infants' visual perception abilities. In using the habituation-dishabituation technique, researchers present infants with the same visual stimulus repeatedly until the infants habituate, or show decreased responsiveness, to it. Then, the experimenter presents a new stimulus. If the infant shows "dishabituation," that is, if the infant shows renewed interest and responsiveness to this new stimulus, the infant's behavior is said to indicate that he or she has processed the difference between the first stimulus and the second stimulus. In other words, the infant can visually perceive the differences between the two stimuli.
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Negative reinforcement
a. is the mildest form of punishment. b. decreases an undesired response. c. increases the probability of a response. d. decreases the occurrence of a stimulus.
Jill thinks that mixed-sex groups (ones with both males and females) make better decisions than same-sex groups. Therefore, she creates ten mixed-sex groups and ten same-sex groups, and asks them to answer a series of math problems. In this study, the independent variable is
a. the composition of the group (same-sex or mixed-sex). b. the quality of the group’s decision. c. the size of the groups. d. the gender of the group members. e. held constant.
Amanda is 6 days old. Which of the following statements is true about Amanda's hearing?
A. Amanda is more sensitive to the pitch of a sound than an adult. B. Amanda is able to hear high-pitched sounds better than low-pitched sounds. C. Amanda cannot determine the general location from where a sound is coming. D. Amanda is able to hear low-pitched sounds better than high-pitched sounds.
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. There is little correlation between intelligence scores and the amount of formal education people receive. 2. Genetic and environmental factors are independent influences on intelligence. 3. Gifted children, when they become adults, are more likely to make major contributions to their chosen occupations than are people who are only slightly above average in intelligence. 4. Gifted children tend to be “single gifted,” having exceptional skill in only one specialized domain of intelligence. 5. About 70% of people with intellectual disabilities are female.