Describe the nature of friendship in adolescence.
What will be an ideal response?
For most children, being popular with their peers is a strong motivator. Beginning in early adolescence, however, teenagers typically prefer to have a smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate than those of young children (though popularity is still important).
According to Harry Stack Sullivan, during adolescence, friends become increasingly important in meeting social needs. In particular, the need for intimacy intensifies during early adolescence, motivating teenagers to seek out close friends. If adolescents fail to forge such close friendships, they experience loneliness and a reduced sense of self-worth. Most adolescents develop friendships with people close to their age, though there are exceptions.
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Rebecca is suffering from recurrent chronic pain; she is referred to a psychologist who talks in terms of pain management. What can Rebecca expect when the psychologist begins treatment?
a. Hypnosis will be used to help her forget about the pain. b. Efforts will be made to help her cope in ways that minimize the pain's impact on her life. c. A psychoanalytic approach will delve into the unconscious roots of the pain. d. A variety of drugs will be mixed to reduce the pain to the lowest level possible, without causing severe side effects.
When individuals are selectively deprived of REM sleep for prolonged periods of time:
a. they begin to experience hallucinations and show slurring of their speech b. they start to lose weight and their immune system becomes less efficient c. they show irritability, and their performance on tasks requiring logical reasoning and problem solving often declines d. they often develop symptoms of severe depression
In his hypothetic-deductive theory, Hull conceived of a process in which a(n):
a. set of postulates are created from which empirical relationships are predicted b. small segment of behavior such as a reflex or a habit s isolated for study c. pattern of stimuli is experienced along with a response such that the two become associated d. organism learns to make a response that is instrumental in producing reinforcement
Tolerance to the effects of smoked marijuana
A. allows experienced marijuana users to obtain euphoric effects with minimal cognitive impairment. B. has not been reliably found for any of marijuana's effects. C. is so powerful that chronic users must smoke more and more to attain less and less euphoria. D. is very rapid, such that it is almost impossible to get high again within a few days after smoking.