Most deterrence research has focused on the _____ of punishment (the likelihood of being arrested)
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Answer: certainty
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Which of the following is NOT a purpose of police patrol listed in the text?
a. deterrence of crime b. maintenance of public order c. improvement of public attitudes toward the police d. provision of services that are not crime related
Which of the following statements about probation is TRUE?
a. Probation is the unconditional release of the offender into the community. b. Probation is limited because it cannot be combined with other sanctions, such as fines, restitution, and community service. c. James Q. Wilson was the first to suggest it. d. Probation is used mainly for more serious offenses. e. Probation is significantly less expensive than imprisonment.
In what circumstance is the totality of circumstances used?
a. to determine whether probable cause exists b. to determine whether to Mirandize a suspect c. to determine whether to indict a suspect d. to determine whether police acted appropriately e. to determine whether an offender is guilty
According to John Dilulio, a good prison is one that "provides as much order, amenity, and ___________ as possible, given the human and financial resources":
A) punishment B) retribution C) service D) rehabilitation E) authority