Lichens are an important component in many ecosystems because they ____
a. are primary producers
b. help form soil by breaking down rocks
c. are food for primary producers
d. trap small predators with their hyphae
e. form a mutualistic relationship with the roots of most plants
ANSWER: b
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Woolly mammoths disappeared from North America during which extinction event?
a. end-Devonian extinction b. end-Cretaceous extinction c. Pleistocene extinction d. Holocene extinction
Marjorie Weber and Anurag Agrawal of Cornell University hypothesized that parts of a plant do not play a direct role in reproduction but act as a "protection racket." What is "protection racket"?
A. the plant's ability to swat off predators B. the plant's ability to attract insects to feed from the nectar and protect the plant at the same time C. the plant's ability to attract insects that could potentially harm it D. the insect's ability to evade the plant's defenses E. the insect's ability to accidently fertilize the plant while feeding on the nectar
Which of the following is not a target for immune complex deposition?
A. Joints B. Kidneys C. Blood vessels and skin D. Heart and lungs E. Brain
Polio is transmitted by ingestion of water contaminated with feces containing polio virus. What portal of entry does polio virus use?
A) skin only B) parenteral only C) mucous membranes only D) skin and parenteral E) skin, parenteral, and mucous membranes