In the Texas juvenile justice system, a child can waiver his or her constitutional rights only in the presence of
a. a peace officer who has informed the child of constitutional rights in accordance with the Miranda ruling.
b. the child's parents.
c. a magistrate.
d. the child's attorney.
e. all of the above.
Answer: d. the child's attorney.
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According to Carter and Radelet (1999), it is the _______________ that is/are most damaging to police officers
a. cumulative interactive stressors b. individual stressful events c. negative supervisory experiences d. boredom interspersed with extreme excitement
What level of proof must be established to obtain a warrant?
A) Beyond a reasonable doubt B) Probable cause C) Preponderance of the evidence D) Reasonable suspicion
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. During the 1960s under Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court narrowed the scope of federal habeas corpus review of state criminal convictions. 2. The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 curtailed second habeas corpus petitions by state prisoners who have already filed such petitions in federal court. 3. The presidential pardoning power includes the right to commute sentences, remit fines and penalties, and even grant conditional pardons. 4. The primary function of appellate courts is to correct trial court errors. 5. The U.S. Supreme Court may review federal and state criminal cases involving federal issues by exercising its certiorari jurisdiction.
Which theory views employees negatively and sees the need for structured organizations with strict hierarchal lines and close supervision?
A) Theory X B) human relations theory C) systems theory D) Theory Y