Classical conditioning is to _____ as operant conditioning is to _____
a) Pavlov; Skinner
b) Skinner; Pavlov
c) Pavlov; Watson
d) Watson; Pavlov
ANS: A, Classical conditioning was originally founded by Ivan Pavlov. The work and theories of B.F. Skinner are often described as being the origins of operant conditioning.
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The desirable and undesirable behaviors involved in differential reinforcement have schedules of reinforcement that exist at the same time. Behaviors that have reinforcement schedules existing at the same time are referred to as:
a. concurrent operants b. overlapping behaviors c. simultaneous operants d. interfering behaviors
Define learned optimism. Find an example of learned optimism in the case and explain how the behavior fits the definition of the concept.
What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following would be a good summary of perceptual development?
a. Babies are not very sophisticated information processors. b. Perceptual development reveals an adaptive order that capitalizes on experience. c. Infants perceive the world much as adults do. d. Children are quite advanced in development before they can integrate their senses.
What are the negative side effects of using medication for the treatment of ADHD?
a. slower physical growth and higher risk of depression b. lethargy and a larger appetite that increases the likelihood of obesity c. decreased intelligence and delayed cognitive development d. loss of bone density and delayed motor coordination