What advances in the understanding of grammar typically occur in middle childhood?
What will be an ideal response?
Schoolchildren become better able to understand complex grammatical structures. They begin to use the passive voice (The dog is being fed), complex constructions such as the auxiliary have (I have already fed the dog), and conditional sentences (If I had been home earlier, I would have fed the dog). Experience with language and exposure to complex constructions influence grammatical development.
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Which of the following can best be described as an example of observational learning?
a. Deborah, who gives her four-year-old son a hug every time he puts his toys away. b. Samantha, who has wandered through the downtown area a number of times without having a particular goal in mind. When she is asked to take a friend to a particular restaurant in that neighborhood, she almost immediately picks the shortest route. c. Dr. Caruthers , who has been working on a particularly thorny problem in microbiology for a number of months. She then suddenly realizes the solution to her problem, seemingly without effort. d. Jason, who has a flat tire while driving on a country road. He remembers having seen his dad change a flat tire before, so he doesn't hesitate to attempt the task himself. He is successful in the attempt and is soon on his way again. e. Patrick, who is planning to spend the day at the beach. He packs sunscreen and applies it to himself everytwo hours while he is at the beach because he doesn't want to get a sunburn.
Regarding marijuana, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Activity levels in the cerebellum are lower than normal in marijuana abusers. b. In experiments with female monkeys, the THC in marijuana caused abnormal menstrual cycles, disrupted ovulation, and increased the rate of miscarriages. c. Children whose mothers smoked marijuana during pregnancy showed a lowered ability to succeed in challenging, goal-oriented activities. d. Marijuana smoke has been found to contain less cancer-causing hydrocarbons and less tar than tobacco smoke does.
When the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable is plotted in a graph, the independent variable is always placed on the ________ axis.
A. neutral B. vertical C. horizontal D. central
Which of the following would be least interested in the topic of attention?
a. William James b. Early behaviorists c. Modern-day cognitive psychologists d. Neuroscientists