You are designing a drug. You'd like to deliver the drug by creating a skin patch that is impregnated with the drug and allowing the drug to diffuse through the layers of the skin to reach the underlying tissues and bloodstream. Which of these chemical changes might you make to increase the number of drug molecules that diffuse through the layers of skin cells?
A. Increasing the number of oxygen atoms in the drug
B. Decreasing the number of nonpolar groups in the drug
C. Increasing the number of nitrogen atoms in the drug
D. Increasing the number of ionized groups in the drug
E. Decreasing the number of polar groups in the drug
Answer: E
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During a sinus infection it is difficult to smell because
A) basal cell division decreases. B) olfactory glands stop producing mucus. C) olfactory supporting cells block odorant molecules from reaching the receptors. D) the hypothalamus stops responding to olfactory stimulation. E) excess mucus blocks odorant molecules from reaching the receptors.
The specificity of hormones is due to
a. specialized hormone secretion b. molecular rearrangement at the site of action c. specific binding of hormones to plasma proteins d. specialization of target-cell receptors e. inactivation of hormones by the kidneys
Ion channels that open in response to depolarization are called ________.
A. voltage-gated channels B. potential-gated channels C. ion-gated channels D. stimulation-gated channels
Which type of muscle tissue causes peristalsis?
A. Skeletal muscle B. Cardiac muscle C. Smooth muscle