Prevention of cell death, reversing cell injury, limiting infarct size or extension, and preventing myocardial remodeling are all dependent on a number of adaptive responses to acute and chronic ischemia, which include: Select all that apply
1. The timing of reperfusion
2. The presence of ischemic preconditioning
3. The extent of collateral circulation
4. The amount of myocardial stunning and hibernation
5. The amount of cellular apoptosis
1. The timing of reperfusion
2. The presence of ischemic preconditioning
3. The extent of collateral circulation
4. The amount of myocardial stunning and hibernation
5. The amount of cellular apoptosis
Rationale: The timing of reperfusion. Reperfusion within 20 minutes will abort cell death. The presence of ischemic preconditioning. Vessels with chronic subacute thrombosis lasting a few minutes precondition the tissue for periods of longer ischemia, protecting it from infarction. The extent of collateral circulation. Chronic, progressive coronary obstruction also stimulates the development of coronary collateral vessels. The amount of myocardial stunning and hibernation. Myocardial tissue stunning and hibernation are conditions of reversible muscle contractile dysfunction thought to be adaptive responses to chronic coronary occlusion. The amount of cellular apoptosis. Apoptosis may contribute to the overall magnitude of ischemic necrosis and myocardial remodeling.
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