The rise of the ______ and the writings of a variety of scholars and philosophers helped shape the use of simple punishments from barbaric cruelty to corrective mechanisms indeed to reduce problematic behaviors.

a. Illumination
b. Enlightenment
c. Brilliance
d. Wisdom


a. Illumination

Criminal Justice

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Many law enforcement officers cite testifying in court as one of the least stressful aspects of their job, even though they perceive it as an adversarial system where defense attorneys may skewer them during aggressive cross examination

a. True b. False

Criminal Justice

One of the most important organized New York crime groups of the 1930s and 1940s was under the leadership of a black woman

a. True b. False

Criminal Justice

A valid hot pursuit must originate from a _________starting point

A) Public B) Private C) Lawful D) Public or private E) None of the above

Criminal Justice

There appears to be a greater acceptance of transgendered inmates in ______ prisons.

a. men’s b. women’s c. private d. military

Criminal Justice