Summarize the historical context of the First Crusade.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
- On November 25, 1095, at the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban II (papacy 1088-99) called for the First Crusade, and afterward nearly 100,000 men signed on.
- Throughout Christendom there was a widespread desire to regain free access to Jerusalem, which had been captured in 638.
- The First Crusade was thus motivated by several forces: religious zeal, the desire to reduce conflict at home by sending off Europe's feuding aristocrats, defending Christendom from barbarity, the promise of monetary reward otherwise unavailable to the disenfranchised young nobility, and, not least of all, that nobility's own hot blood and sense of adventure.
- Victims included Muslim peoples of the Middle East and European Jews.
- The First Crusade was a military success for Christendom.
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