The pathophysiologic characteristic of a left-to-right shunt resulting from a congenital heart defect is
a. decreased pulmonary blood flow.
b. mixed lesions with variable clinical symptoms.
c. increased pulmonary blood flow.
d. obstruction of blood flow to the ventricles.
C
Cardiac defects that allow the blood to flow from a high pressure left side of the child's heart to the lower pressure right side, left-to-right shunt, cause an increase in pulmonary blood flow and congestive heart failure. Obstructive defects impede blood flow out of the ventricles. Whereas obstructions on the left side of the heart results in congestive heart failure (CHF), obstructions on the right side cause cyanosis. A pediatric patient with mixed lesions presents with variable clinical symptoms that depend on the degree of mixing of the pulmonary blood, hypoxemia, and CHF.
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