All of the following were identified as ways ethical dilemmas can occur EXCEPT ______.

a. duty
b. discretion
c. deliberation
d. corruption


c. deliberation

Criminal Justice

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Globalization of knowledge is affecting theory formation within criminology

a. True b. False

Criminal Justice

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that government officials are generally shielded from liability as long as their conduct does not violate clearly established constitutional rights. The Court's interest in protecting law enforcement officers is apparent in their decision and support of:

A. The Exclusionary rule. B. Qualified immunity. C. Monell Liability. D. Summary judgment.

Criminal Justice

Which theory that references “conduct norms” was formulated by criminologist Thorsten Sellin?

A. racial invariance thesis B. culture conflict theory C. scientific criminological theory D. social disorganization theory

Criminal Justice

Substantive criminal law is enforced through

A. case law. B. procedural criminal law. C. common law. D. the Model Penal Code (MPC).

Criminal Justice