A client hospitalized for worsening kidney injury suddenly becomes restless and agitated. Assessment reveals tachycardia and crackles bilaterally at the bases of the lungs. Which is the nurse's first intervention?
a. Begin ultrafiltration.
b. Administer an antianxiety agent.
c. Place the client on mechanical ventilation.
d. Place the client in high Fowler's position.
D
Restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia, dyspnea, and crackles at the bases of the lungs are early ma-nifestations of pulmonary edema, which is a complication of kidney failure. Initial treatment of pulmonary edema consists of placing the client in high Fowler's position and administering oxygen. Mechanical ventilation and ultrafiltration may be indicated if symptoms become worse. An antianxiety agent would not be helpful. Morphine, however, has both vasoactive and sedating effects.
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