What methods are used to confirm brain death in Australia and New Zealand?
What will be an ideal response?
Suggested response: Formal testing for brain death is undertaken using either clinical assessment or cerebral blood flow studies. Clinical assessment of the brainstem involves assessment of the cranial nerves and the respiratory centre. The most common approaches to testing are described in Table 27.3. Brain death is confirmed if there is no reaction to stimulation of these reflexes, with the respiratory centre tested last and only if the other reflexes are absent. The tests may be done consecutively, but not simultaneously, with no fixed interval between the two sets of clinical tests required, except in specific age-related criteria.
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a. Reducing intake of liquids to 2 L/day b. Eating animal organ meats high in insulin c. Limiting carbohydrate intake to 100 g/day d. Walking 1 mile each day
A hospital is using surveillance. Which of the following describes the rationale for this action?
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A researcher reviews demographic characteristics of potential study subjects, such as age and gender, to determine whether these characteristics may influence the outcome of the study. This is done to help ensure
a. construct validity. b. external validity. c. internal validity. d. statistical conclusion validity.