How did the church become divided, and how was it reunited? Why was the conciliar movement a setback for the papacy?
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. Pressure from growing secular powers in Italy, as well as France and England
2. Rival claims to the papacy
3. The settlement of the Council of Constance
4. The conciliar movement and its granting of new powers to the laity
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Aurangzeb was determined to
A) continue ecumenicalism. B) impose Sunni orthodoxy. C) overthrow the ulama. D) move the capital to Calcutta. E) spread Islam into China.
African Americans did all of the following during World War II except
a. fight in integrated combat units. b. rally behind the slogan "Double V" (victory over dictators abroad and racism at home). c. move north and west in large numbers. d. form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial Equality. e. serve in the Army Air Corps.
Charles V was unable to forge a united empire for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that
A) the Lutheran challenge sapped much of his attention. B) French kings undermined his efforts and allied themselves with his enemies. C) there was no central administration to the empire; each state was governed separately. D) his empire was geographically fragmented. E) he alienated the pope for failing to crush Luther.
Examine the western European conquest of the Philippines and Indonesia. How was this different from the role they played in trading with powers such as China? What did the areas that fell completely under European control have in common?
What will be an ideal response?