Which of these molecules must be replenished to continue the citric acid cycle?

a. citrate
b. succinyl CoA
c. oxaloacetate
d. acetyl CoA


d. acetyl CoA

Biology & Microbiology

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If bacteria are exposed to a B cell in the spleen, they will initiate a(n)

A) cell-mediated immune response. B) response from the complement system. C) inflammatory response. D) humoral immune response. E) nonspecific immune response.

Biology & Microbiology

The __________________ consists of proteins in the blood plasma that are activated when bacteria or fungi are present and that insert into the foreign cell's membrane.

A. natural killer cell B. complement system C. inflammatory response D. macrophagic defense system

Biology & Microbiology

Portion of Figure 21.11 ? Refer to the accompanying figure for questions 26-28. The kelp shown in the accompanying figure represents the ____ stage in its life cycle.

A. spore-bearing B. gamete-forming C. haploid D. motile E. feeding

Biology & Microbiology

An important role of fungi in human society is that fungi are the source of:

A) nutrition for farm animals. B) the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen. C) bio-fuels. D) immune-system-suppressing drugs important for organ transplants.

Biology & Microbiology