Which of the following are potential hazards of using heat and moisture exchangers?
1. Failure of low-pressure alarms to detect disconnection
2. Underhydration or impaction of secretions
3. Hypoventilation due to increased dead space
4. Unintended tracheal lavage from condensate
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
ANS: B
The AARC has published Clinical Practice Guideline: Humidification During Mechanical Venti-lation. Excerpts are in CPG 38-1.
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