Determine the change in length of a stud and flange joint with an 85°C decrease in temperature. Before the temperature change, a hex nut was tightened against the top flange with no elongation to the stud. Will the nut become loose with this change in temperature or will it create an elongation in the stud because of the change in the flange thickness?
Stud length from lower flange to hex nut = 200 mm, 
, Coefficient of expansion
Modulus of Elasticity = 
Flange thickness = 200 mm, Coefficient of expansion =
Expansion of the flange assembly: 200 mm x (11.7 x10-6/°C) x -85°C = - 0.1989 mm, Expansion of the bolt length: 200 mm x (11.3 x 10-6/°C) x -85°C = - 0.1921 mm, Change in length is a negative value so the stud and flanges contracted due to the decrease in temperature. The flange assembly decreased in height by 0.0068 mm more than the stud. If the nut was tight before the change in temperature, then it will be loose at the lower temperature.
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