One criticism of strain theory is that

a. it overfocuses on the idea that spatial location determines crime and delinquency.
b. it is racist
c. it lacks explanatory power.
d. participation in delinquency appears to shield delinquents from sources of despair.


Answer: d

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Which of the following was not mentioned by Williams as a factor in "The Demise of the Criminological Imagination"?

a. an overabundance of theory at the expense of research b. an overemphasis upon "empirical scientism" c. a critical intellectual environment nurtured in the sixties d. the rise of criminal justice as a discipline

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According to Shaw and McKay, a __________ neighborhood is an area wracked by extreme poverty and suffering high rates of population turnover.

A. subcultural B. transitional C. concentric D. ecological

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Given the following data, what would be the conclusion?



a. Neither percentage in poverty nor percentage male is significantly related to the rate of unlawful breaking and entering of vehicles.
b. Percentage in poverty and percentage male are significantly related to the rate of unlawful breaking and entering of vehicles.
c. Only percentage in poverty is significantly related to the rate of unlawful breaking and entering of vehicles.
d. Only percentage male is significantly related to the rate of unlawful breaking and entering of vehicles.

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In the 1960s, most people agreed that the primary mission of corrections was:

a. retribution. b. rehabilitation. c. incapacitation. d. deterrence.

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