According to the authors, which of the following experiences was a leading factor in the formation and growth of gangs among Blacks in Los Angeles in both the 1940s and 1970s?
a. residential segregation
b. police brutality
c. racially based violence
d. unemployment
c. racially based violence
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Who are high-risk offenders? How does Straus suggest they be identified?
What will be an ideal response?
There were originally three types of hiring grants under the COPS office. These were consolidated into the:
a. Universal Hiring Program b. World Wide Hiring Program c. Holistic Hiring Program d. Police Officer Grants Program
The conclusion drawn from research on career-criminal prosecution programs like the San Diego Major Violator Unit was that
a. getting tough does not work if leniency is not the source of the problem
b. getting tough increased the deterrent effect, because career criminals were previously treated leniently
c. liberating the courtroom workgroup from traditional expectations moved more career-criminal cases from the third layer to the fourth layer of the wedding cake
d. these programs convinced the public that cases of career criminals should be treated like celebrated cases
________________ determines the jurisdiction of the juvenile court
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word