The shift in scholarly work regarding nursing theories in the late 1980s challenged nurses to include which of the following types of knowledge when theorizing?

a. Clinical
b. Intuitive
c. Theoretical
d. Substantive


D

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A Clinical knowledge was not related to this challenge.
B Intuitive knowledge was not related to this challenge.
C Theoretical knowledge had been the focus of theorizing for many years before the late 1980s.
D Meleis (1987) challenged nurses to direct their theorizing away from the processes by which nurses use knowledge and toward the equally challenging issues associated with the substance of that knowledge—that is, to include substantive knowledge.

Nursing

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