What virulence factor(s) do all Gram-negative bacteria share?
A) proteases that destroy IgA antibodies
B) fimbriae
C) lipid A
D) a glycocalyx
E) both fimbriae and a glycocalyx
C
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You discover a dog suffering from a strange disorder that is due to an autoimmune response against its own cells. Upon further investigation, you find that the cells of various tissues are loosely arranged and do not have characteristic shapes and that the animal is prone to hemorrhage as the result of poor blood clotting. Based on these results, the target of the autoimmune response could be
A) fibronectins. B) laminins. C) extensins. D) pectins. E) desmotubules.
In the late 1920s, a mutation occurred in many silver
fox farms around the world. The fox farms that sold expensive furs were proud of the quality of their furs, and each advertised that it had the best, purest breed of all the fox farms. The new mutations produced a “platinum” coat pattern that was commercially desirable, so the farms crossed them to get more. The results of their breeding experiments were as follows: (1) silver x silver >>> all silver offspring; (2) silver x platinum >>> equal numbers of silver and platinum; (3) platinum x platinum >>> two platinum for each silver offspring. Explain. What will be an ideal response?
A human plus all of its resident microbiota is a(n) _____
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Botulism is often referred to as lockjaw.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)