In which of the following does the nature of learning involve a neutral stimulus becoming a conditioned stimulus (CS) through its association with an unconditioned stimulus (US)?
a. classical conditioning
b. operant conditioning
c. cognitive learning
d. instrumental learning
A
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The moon appears larger at the horizon than when straight above because of what?
a. Fatigue of neck muscles when you look up b. Differences in the actual distance from the moon to the Earth c. Distortion of light rays as they pass through the Earth's atmosphere d. An optical illusion unrelated to any physical distortion
Which of the following statements best defines the term personality?
a) It is a set of relatively enduring behavioral and cognitive characteristics, traits, or predispositions that people take with them to different situations, contexts, and interactions with others, and that contribute to differences among individuals. b) It refers to the conscious knowledge of one's own character, feelings, motives, and desires. c) It is the sum total of ways of living built up by a group of human beings and transmitted from one generation to another, which includes customs, traditions, and social behavior. d) It refers to the stage of human social development and organization that is considered the most advanced.
Bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder differ with regard to ____
a. how many relatives also have the condition b. how rapidly the cycles occur c. whether they include full-blown manic phases d. whether they develop suddenly at an early age or gradually at a later age
Which type of conditioning is based on the principle that behavior becomes more likely or less likely depending on its consequences?
a. Classical conditioning b. Operant conditioning c. Counterconditioning d. Higher-order conditioning