In survey research, what is sampling?
A. the collection of a study group from a larger population
B. the interviewing of a small number of key cultural consultants
C. a form of participant observation
D. the collection of life histories of every member in a community
E. a collection reflecting the emic perspective
Answer: A
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Europeans who first saw the way South Pacific islanders maintained their gardens thought they were simply lazy. Why do they really allow their gardens to grow in such a messy state?
A) The jumbled roots minimize erosion in the loose volcanic soil. B) They spend most of their days foraging, and don’t have time to maintain tidy gardens. C) Islanders believe their gardens should look as much like the jungle as possible. D) They had only recently discovered horticulture, and their methods were still unrefined.
Which of the following is NOT a contribution to anthropological archaeology of Gertrude Caton-Thompson?
a. settled the controversy on the builders of the Great Zimbabwe b. helped found the Iraq museum c. focused on excavating settlements in Egypt rather than just tombs and temples d. organized the salvage of the Iraq museum after bombings during war e. reconstructed the sequence of settlements in Egypt and their relationships to ancient lake levels preserved in settlements and landforms.
Lewis-Williams has argued that much of the world's rock art is the result of shamanism. What is the basis for his argument?
a. He is operating within the paradigm of structuralism, which frequently explains human behavior as a response to culturally dictated supernatural needs. b. He interprets the symbols depicted in rock art as representing shamans contacting the spirit world; thus the explanation for rock art lies within the rock art itself. c. Cross-cultural psychological and neurological research showing that individuals in a trance go through three universal stages of hallucination; rock art records these stages. d. There is no real basis for his argument; he arrived at his conclusions without the necessary data to support them and therefore demonstrates the dangers inherent in cognitive archaeological approaches. e. Shamans are found in hunting and gathering societies and much of the rock art depicts hunting scenes.
Which of the following changes did not occur to the Bedouin in Oman from 1950–1980?
a. They acquired trucks and began hauling goods across the Arabian peninsula. b. They began to live in very tight extended families. c. They began to settle down into longer-term settlements. d. They acquired more market goods and private property.