With regard to breathing techniques during labor, maternity nurses should understand that:
a. Breathing techniques in the first stage of labor are designed to increase the size of the abdominal cavity to reduce friction.
b. By the time labor has begun, it is too late for instruction in breathing and relaxation.
c. Controlled breathing techniques are most difficult near the end of the second stage of labor.
d. The patterned-paced breathing technique can help prevent hyperventilation.
ANS: A
First-stage techniques promote relaxation of abdominal muscles, thereby increasing the size of the abdominal cavity. Instruction in simple breathing and relaxation techniques early in labor is possible and effective. Controlled breathing techniques are most difficult in the transition phase at the end of the first stage of labor when the cervix is dilated 8 to 10 cm. Patterned-paced breathing sometimes can lead to hyperventilation.
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